基于PKC/P2X3通路探讨正天丸对偏头痛大鼠的保护作用

目的探讨正天丸对偏头痛大鼠的保护作用,并初步探究其可能的作用机制。方法将大鼠分为对照组(0.9%NaCl溶液)、模型组(0.9%NaCl溶液)、正天丸组(1.62 g/kg)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)激动剂组(2 mg/kg TPPB)、正天丸+TPPB组(1.62 g/kg正天丸+2 mg/kg TPPB),每组12只,采用硝酸甘油注射法制备偏头痛大鼠模型,造模后观察大鼠耳红出现、消失的时间以及不同时间段内爬笼、抓头次数;HE染色观察脑组织神经细胞形态学变化;ELISA法检测血清中TNF-ɑ、IL-6、嗜中性粒细胞趋化因子(CINC-1)水平;放射免疫法检测脑组织匀浆中降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平;Western blot法检测脑组织PKC、P2X3蛋白表达。结果①与对照组比较,模型组0～45 min、45～75 min、75～120 min内挠头及爬笼次数增加,血清TNF-α、IL-6、CINC-1水平升高,脑组织CGRP水平升高,5-HT水平降低,PKC、P2X3蛋白表达升高(P0.05)。②与模型组比较,正天丸组挠头及爬笼次数均显著减少,耳红出现时间显著延长,耳红消失时间显著缩短,TNF-α、IL-6、CINC-1水平降低,CGRP水平降低,5-HT水平升高,PKC、P2X3蛋白表达降低(P0.05);TPPB组挠头及爬笼次数增加,耳红出现时间显著缩短,耳红消失时间显著延长,血清TNF-α、IL-6、CINC-1水平升高,脑组织CGRP水平升高,5-HT水平降低,PKC、P2X3蛋白表达升高(P0.05);正天丸+TPPB组挠头及爬笼次数、耳红消失时间、血清TNF-α、IL-6、CINC-1水平、脑组织CGRP水平、PKC、P2X3蛋白低于TPPB组,5-HT水平、耳红出现时间高于TPPB组(P0.05)。结论正天丸可缓解偏头痛大鼠神经细胞损伤,缓解头痛,其可能是通过抑制PKC/P2X3通路实现的。     

规范喉神经损伤的功能评估与治疗

规范喉神经损伤的功能评估与治疗基金项目：第一作者简介：通信作者：肖水芳（目的随着嗓音医学的发展，喉神经损伤近些年逐渐得到重视，尽管如此，国内当前其诊治欠规范且多依赖个人经验。喉神经损伤原因较多，不同类型损伤的症状、体征以及转归亦不完全一致，针对已知特定类型的喉神经损伤，尤其是喉返神经损伤，当前亦无公认的一线治疗方案，现存的治疗手段均存在相对的优势及不足。本文对喉神经损伤的病因、分类、诊断以及现行的治疗方案进行了归纳与评价，以期能为其诊断及治疗选择提供临床参考。     

低位直肠癌保功能手术的相关问题

外科手术是治疗直肠癌的基础,尤其是对于低位直肠癌,在追求远期肿瘤学疗效的同时,如何更好地兼顾患者术后生命质量,保留正常生理功能,一直是业界关注的重要问题。近年来,随着对直肠癌病理学与分子病理学理解的深入、多学科综合诊断与治疗策略的优化与发展、全直肠系膜切除术和保留盆腔自主神经等手术技术和治疗理念的引入,以及技术设备与外科手术方式的持续创新,低位直肠癌保功能手术得到不断完善与持续发展。直肠癌外科领域未来的发展方向无疑将更多地体现在功能的保留与保护等方面。对于低位直肠癌患者,在保证肿瘤根治前提下如何最大限度地保留功能,有赖于精准选择以循证医学证据为基础的治疗策略和精细地施行个体化的保肛手术。     

腮腺切除术中沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经的效果及安全性

目的探讨腮腺切除术中应用沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经的治疗效果及安全性。方法选取我院2016年2月至2019年3月收治的60例择期行腮腺切除术的患者,随机分为观察组与对照组各30例。对照组沿面神经总干逆行解剖面神经,观察组沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经,观察两组患者术后1个月面神经功能及术后并发症发生情况。结果术后1个月,两组患者的面神经功能分级比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组的术后并发症发生率为10.00%,明显低于对照组的33.33%(P <0.05)。结论临床行腮腺切除术中,沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经可降低术后并发症发生率,值得推广。     

Preliminary Results on the Feasibility of Using ARFI/SWEI to Assess Cutaneous Sclerotic Diseases

In this study, acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) and shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) were applied to the skin to investigate the feasibility of their use in assessing sclerotic skin diseases. Our motivation was to develop a non-invasive imaging technology with real-time feedback of sclerotic skin disease diagnosis. This paper shows representative results from an ongoing study, recruiting patients with and without sclerosis. The stiffness of the imaged site was evaluated using two metrics: mean ARFI displacement magnitude and bulk shear wave speed inside the region of interest (ROI). In a subject with localized graft versus host disease (GVHD), the mean ARFI displacement inside sclerotic skin was 61% lower (p < 0.01) and shear wave speed 128% higher (p < 0.005) compared to those in normal skin—indicating stiffer mechanical properties in the sclerotic skin. This trend persisted through disease types. We conclude ARFI and SWEI can successfully differentiate sclerotic lesions from normal dermis.     

Updates of pathologic myopia

Complications from pathologic myopia are a major cause of visual impairment and blindness, especially in east Asia. The eyes with pathologic myopia may develop loss of the best-corrected vision due to various pathologies in the macula, peripheral retina and the optic nerve.Despite its importance, the definition of pathologic myopia has been inconsistent. The refractive error or axial length alone often does not adequately reflect the ‘pathologic myopia’. Posterior staphyloma, which is a hallmark lesion of pathologic myopia, can occur also in non-highly myopic eyes. Recently a revised classification system for myopic maculopathy has been proposed to standardize the definition among epidemiological studies. In this META-PM (meta analyses of pathologic myopia) study classification, pathologic myopia was defined as the eyes having chorioretinal atrophy equal to or more severe than diffuse atrophy.In addition, the advent of new imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) has enabled the detailed observation of various pathologies specific to pathologic myopia. New therapeutic approaches including intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and the advance of vitreoretinal surgeries have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with pathologic myopia. The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on topics related to the field of pathologic myopia, and to outline the remaining issues which need to be solved in the future.     

Application of Ultrasound-Guided Ilioinguinal/Iliohypogastric Nerve Block in Pediatric Same-Day Surgery

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block (IINB) in pediatric patients undergoing same-day inguinal region surgery. Ninety patients aged 4–6 years, ASA levels I–II, were randomly divided into three groups: U, T, or C (n = 30 each). After basic anesthesia, patients in group U underwent ultrasound-guided IINB, those in group T underwent traditional Schulte-Steinberg IINB, and those in group C (controls) received intravenous anesthesia (ketamine-propofol) only. Patients who remained sensitive to intraoperative stimuli received additional intravenous doses of 1 mg/kg ketamine. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and oxygen saturation (SPO₂) were recorded upon entering the operating room (T0), at skin incision (T1), while pulling the hernia sac (T2), during skin closing (T3), and upon awakening (T4) at recovery. HR and MAP at T1, T2, and T4 were higher in group C than those in the other two groups, and recovery time in group C was significantly prolonged (P < 0.05). Group U required significantly lower quantities and frequency of ketamine injection, and pain scores in group U during awakening were lower than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Ultrasound-guided IINB provided an improved nerve block effect and postoperative analgesia, reduced the amount of local anesthetic required, facilitated more rapid postoperative recovery, and was a safe and effective method of anesthesia.     

Silicone-based simulation models for peripheral nerve microsurgery

Background

There is a need for a peripheral nerve model on which surgeons-in-training can simulate the repair of nerve injuries at their own pace. Although practicing on animal models/cadavers is considered the “gold standard” of microsurgical training, the proposed model aims to provide a platform for improving the technical skills of surgical trainees prior to their practice on cadaver/animal models. In addition, this model has the potential to serve as a standardized test medium for assessing the skill sets of surgeons.